A股30年再出发 我们需要一个怎样的资本市场?******
期待中国资本市场“从新出发、从严治理”,在新的征途呈现出更理性、更健康、更成熟的风貌。
1990年12月19日,上海证券交易所鸣锣开业,首批“老八股”上市,也标志着中国资本市场的诞生。如今,A股市场已风雨兼程走过整整30年的历程。
相对于境外成熟市场数百年的历史,刚满30周岁的A股市场还很年轻。但所取得的成绩有目共睹。比如多层次资本市场架构已趋成型。从此前只有沪深主板,到现在的中小板、创业板、科创板、新三板,以及目前已颇具规模的区域性股权交易市场等,层次分明,也为不同行业、不同规模、不同类型、不同需求的企业提供差异化的服务奠定了基础。科创板的设立,启动注册制试点等,则在资本市场发展中具有“里程碑”式的意义。
市场规模的不断扩张,让A股市场在全球的影响力日益提升。算上深交所开业后的五只股票,A股市场最初挂牌的上市公司只有13家。数量虽少,但意义非凡。没有这13家上市公司打头阵,沪深股市就不可能有目前超过4100家的规模,以及近80万亿的总市值。随着A股市场规模的不断扩张,其在全球市场的影响力才不断提升。
从支持实体经济发展角度看,A股也功不可没。根据Wind资讯数据,截至12月18日,30年来,A股IPO首发融资规模达3.65万亿元,再融资规模达11.97万亿元,合计15.62万亿元。相对于发行债券、银行借贷融资,直接融资对于实体经济的发展更加高效。
不仅如此,30年来,资本市场也成就了一大批明星上市公司。像万科、格力、茅台等企业不断发展壮大,离不开资本市场的支持;众多民营企业、惠及国计民生的企业做大做优做强,资本市场在其中发挥了巨大的作用。而且,由于拥有资本市场这一退出通道,高科技企业、创新创业型企业等也能获得风投、私募股权基金的支持,反过来又能促进这类企业的发展。
然而,而立之年再出发,我们需要一个怎样的资本市场?站在历史的新起点,我们需要认真审视当下的不足,通过不断改革与完善,将资本市场推上更高的台阶。
首先,我们要认识到当前沪深两市的上市公司质量整体上不高的问题。虽然沪深股市挂牌公司已超过4100家,但上市公司质量却不尽如人意。某些上市公司长期不分红、不回报股东,没有任何的投资价值,也与监管部门倡导的积极分红政策相悖。
其次,公司治理水平普遍不高也是一大硬伤。上市公司实控人、大股东、董监高等职责界限与法律责任不明确,董事会、监事会、股东大会“三会”运作不规范,独董不独,内控机制形同虚设,信息披露存在短板等,都是上市公司治理结构不完善与紊乱的具体表现,更是其治理水平不高的表现。
此外,投资者保护不到位同样不可被忽视。投资者保护是一个老生常谈的话题,也是资本市场一“老大难”问题。其集中表现为违规成本低,以及维权难。新证券法虽然大幅提高了违规成本,且推出中国版的证券集体诉讼制度,但投资者利益保护工作仍然存在漏洞。比如刑法、公司法还没有同步修订到位。缺乏刑法的联动修法,对于违规行为的打击,将呈现出跛脚的一面。
期待中国资本市场“从新出发、从严治理”,在新的征途呈现出更理性、更健康、更成熟的风貌。
□曹中铭(财经评论人)
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() ![]() 亿丰彩票地图 |